Code Signing

Code signing certificates are X.509 certificates with Extended Key Usage for code signing. Here's the difference between standard and EV certificates, what CAs require, and how certificate requirements have changed.

Integrating code signing into CI/CD pipelines ensures every build artifact is signed without manual intervention. Here's how to do it securely, where to store signing keys, and what goes wrong in automated signing.

Sigstore provides keyless code signing using identity-based short-lived certificates and a public transparency log. Here's how it works, how cosign signs containers, and why keyless signing changes the game.

Software supply chain security ensures that code, dependencies, build processes, and distribution channels haven't been compromised. Here's how attacks happen, what frameworks exist, and where code signing fits in the defense.

CSP (Cryptographic Service Provider) and PKCS#11 are interfaces that connect signing tools to cryptographic hardware. Here's how they work, when you need each, and where integration issues cause signing failures.

Code signing uses digital signatures to prove software came from a known publisher and hasn't been tampered with. Here's how it works, what it protects against, and where the signing process fails.